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Post by WingsofCrystal on Aug 9, 2018 15:59:20 GMT
"Researchers have incorporated electronic devices into soft fabrics, potentially making it possible to produce clothing that communicates optically with other devices."
Great article Swamprat,
I see many misuses for this though. Spying being the first that comes to mind.
Crystal
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Post by WingsofCrystal on Aug 9, 2018 16:00:25 GMT
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Post by WingsofCrystal on Aug 10, 2018 13:30:57 GMT
Good morning,
Daily Grail An Earthling Blasts Off into Space (Vale Bernd Stramm)
by Red Pill Junkie 10 August 2018
How much can you connect with other people without the benefit of seeing them face to face, shaking their hands, or giving them a warm hug?
Assuming the answer to this question is “very little” denounces not only a lack of imagination, but an ignorance to the concept of epistolary friendship. History gives us plenty of examples on how the human need for bonding can transcend all barriers, and overcome the gulf separating individuals –back when ‘Distance’ meant something– through any means at its disposal: From running envoys, letters in the mail (which could take MONTHS to arrive), telegram cables, and now through the planetary neural network we know as the Internet.
It was due to my everlasting fascination with the infinite potential of the world wide web that I got to find The Daily Grail more than a decade ago. I remained an anonymous lurker for some time, until I felt the need to create an account in order to write and join in a discussion. I don’t remember what my first comment was about; I think Greg Taylor (the owner and editor) was asking the opinion of the community, which used to actually participate back then (ahhh, the good ole days before Facebook ruined it all…), but I do remember my comment was a bit of a humorous tease aimed at one of the most recurrent members of the forum: a guy using the cryptic moniker of ‘earthling‘.
Lucky for me, Earthling found my text amusing instead of insulting, and I instantly felt welcome in the Daily Grail community.
Over the years, as my involvement with TDG grew deeper and I took upon Greg Taylor’s invite to become a news admin and writer for the page, so too grew my relationship with many other ‘Grailers’ as we used to call ourselves, particularly with this Earthling dude who didn’t mind coping with my lousy English and poor syntax. The level of camaraderie and passion for discussing all sorts of topics that was enjoyed by the members of the site is impossible to convey to those generations who either grew before the online forum revolution, or outgrew it with the arrival of selfies and Snapchat; The comment threads were huuuge and it would last for weeks until we moved on to another topic, and in almost every single one of those threads Earthling would be eagerly participating with a hunger for knowledge that was more than palpable. It was like lighting in a bottle… or rather, on a computer screen.
Thus The Daily Grail became my daily habit. Each day I would log in whenever I had time, and each day I would follow on a thread also followed and commented on by Earthling. I learned to recognize his dry, Teutonic humor even before I learned he was actually from Germany. I also started to learn a few other tidbits about him, like the fact that he worked on computers and used to own a beautiful white Mustang; likewise I too shared things about my life in Mexico and what I did for a living, along with ‘deeper shit’ like my growing obsession with synchronicities and lucid dreaming. We didn’t use (or even know!) each other’s ‘real’ names and yet paraphrasing Charles Darwin, “from so simple a beginning” can a true friendship easily grow.
When you use an ‘alias’ in order to share things about yourself that even your own family doesn’t know of, your ‘alias’ slowly turns into your real identity; and the people who know you by it into your real family.
Before I move on, it’s important for me to clarify why I say “before Facebook ruined it all.” If you think our old comment threads were mere echo-chambering babble among like-minded individuals, such as the ones filling the digital walls of the Big Blue Brother, you’d be sorely mistaken! Our discussions could often turn FIERCE and quite heated, because the Grail was a locus for people with different backgrounds and perspectives, and where no agenda was pushed except for the searching for Truth —“Caveat Lector“ was the old warning adorning the top of the page– and if you were defending or debunking a particular point, you knew damn well you’d have to ‘stand your ground’ against members who disagreed with you. Earthling and I, for example, didn’t see eye to eye on a certain number of things, like the influence of fossil fuels in Climate Change. Not unlike in the stage play Twelve Angry Men, sometimes you found yourself in the majority of an argument and sometimes in the minority, and you knew the rest of the Grailers would not let you get away with a simple “I don’t know” or “Because I believe so!”.
And also like Twelve Angry Men (and women) the discussion could turn nasty and (very rarely) out of control before myself or other moderator stepped in.
Like all of us humans, Earthling was not immune to behaving like a real asshole sometimes, and I remember the time when he got into a huge, petty fight with some member who felt so insulted by one of his comments the other person quit the site never to return, even though I tried to moderate a reconciliation to no avail. Earthling could indeed be quite abrasive at times, a sign of a great intellect who had little patience for those who were just too stupid not to get what he meant; but he was never mean-spirited, and his opinion was always highly regarded by all members.
Alas, the only thing that doesn’t change in life is change itself. As the years progressed the comments on the Grail grew thinner and more sporadic –by then smartphones had become a thing and the O.G’s (Original Grailers) were moving to different digital pastures. Earthling’s participation also turned more infrequent; occasionally he’d pop in and say hi, which always filled me with great joy, but he never stayed for too long anymore. Until eventually he stopped coming by at all.
From so simple a beginning, friendships can easily come to an abrupt end… or so I thought.
Fast forward to May of 2018, when I receive a DM from Greg Taylor telling me that Earthling (a.k.a. Bernd Stramm) was in a hospital in Canada with a likely terminal illness, and was inviting me to come visit him. The news startled me since I hadn’t heard from my old forum friend in quite a while, and now to learn that he was dying caught me off guard. It was a stark reminder that no matter how much the potential of the digital world keeps expanding –when I became a Grailer, you still had to warn members if the link you used opened a video window, since most were still using 28.8 modems!– on the ‘real’ world we were still bound by unavoidable constraints. Online my friend Earthling could login and chat with me anywhere he wanted, but on ‘Meatspace’ Bernd Stramm was bound to a hospital bed in Canada, and his ‘subscription’ was about to expire.
For all the things I bitch and moan about Facebook, the social media still has its uses: I ‘friended’ Bernd and we reconnected again. He told me he had cancer on the esophagus and didn’t know how long he had left, but the doctors told him it wasn’t much, and on top of that he was also afflicted with ALS. Visiting him to Canada was out of the question for me due to one of those unavoidable real-world constraints (money), but once again the expanding potential of the digital age came to our rescue, and we opted for the next-best-thing: Skype. At first we had to try to find a way around the issue that since he wasn’t using a microphone and trying to understand his voice was difficult for me –he was now being fed directly through a tube (“very boring” he said)– we opted for the solution of me speaking on Skype and he replying with text messages. Clunky but effective.
My unemployment, which I had started to perceive as a ‘curse’ for wasting my life in useless paranormal topics instead on focusing on my professional career (Protip: There’s NO money to be made in this field, unless you are in the business of selling lies and fear) had now brought an unexpected silver lining in the form of the free time I had each morning to converse with my old web friend. We chatted about many different things just like the good old days, from the deep to the trivial: Gobekli Tepe, movies, his two sisters, science fiction, Elon Musk and trips to Mars, Germany’s pitiful performance at the World Cup (Bernd had the initial suspicion Putin was going to rig the event in order to make Russia the champion), Artificial Intelligence (which he knew a great deal about, since he had worked in the computer labs of several big tech companies) and Bernd’s ideas on robots, such as how three-legged automatons would be “far more efficient and stable” than two-legged ones –Dr. Stramm didn’t keep Nature’s obsession with symmetry in too high a regard, which I found amusing.
In these 3 months I learned more about Bernd’s life than in the past 10 years. I learned about his hunting trips with his father –and how the only thing they ever shot once was a chicken because they were starving– and the road trips he’d made from one coast of the United States to the other, all alone on those endless American roads while driving one of those fast cars he once owned. Of how he emigrated to Canada in what was initially a short trip to set up a business with his dad, only to never return to his natal Germany which he had left when the wall still divided Berlin. A Germany for which he didn’t seem to hold much love —except for the beer and the football– since his old school teachers had discouraged him of following in the paternal footsteps of becoming a dentist (“my grades weren’t good enough” he told me), which became a catalyst for turning his interest in computers instead, and pursuing a Masters and a PhD from UC San Diego (too dumb for a dentist but smart enough for a scientist, apparently); maybe he still secretly kept the fantasy of finding one of those non supporting teachers just to rub his diplomas on their face…
He told me about his love for sailing and regaled me with anecdotes of the days when he participated in regattas both in San Diego and Ensenada, which his team won more than once. His nostalgic reminiscence was inevitably tinged with the frustrating realization that all those things he used to do were now out of his reach; and yet I kept seeing the picture that, with the exception of a couple of big disappointments –like how he was once forced to hide in Canada due to a student who started stalking him when he was teaching at the university– his was an example of a life well lived, despite its unfair brevity. A life spent doing things outdoors instead of staying indoors thinking about them, like so many of us waste our precious time.
As I previously mentioned, Bernd and I didn’t always agree on things. We both shared a deep concern for the current refugee crisis in Europe and the Americas, and he explained to me his ideas on how a universal income might be the only way to keep the wheels of our economic system turning, in a future in which automatization and job scarcity will become the norm. But when I mentioned my interest in psychedelics and suggested how in his current situation the use of substances like psilocybin would be a good idea, he showed no interest whatsoever in meeting McKennas’s machine elves.
Occasionally our ‘dialogue’ would be interrupted by some nurse checking in on Bernd, and also “the padre” as my friend would call him: A religious caretaker working for the hospital whom Bernd seemed to be fond of, even though he wasn’t sure of exactly what church denomination this guy was a member of (not that Bernd cared, for that matter). The tone of voice of this ambiguous priestly person as it was picked up by Bernd’s microphone sounded quite friendly, and since I always prefer to Skype with the camera off, he probably never realized I was a ‘non-corporeal entity’ spying on Bernd and him –the whole situation was theologically ironic, if you think about it. On one of those interruptions “the padre” recited to Bernd a beautiful poem he had composed for him, based on his interest on Gobekli Tepe which had been initially kindled by my old Grailer compadre –it was nice to see his passion for knowledge had kept inspiring and transforming the viewpoints of other people outside the forums of TDG.
www.dailygrail.com/2018/08/an-earthling-blasts-off-into-space-vale-bernd-stramm/
Crystal
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Post by ZETAR on Aug 10, 2018 18:08:09 GMT
"The space within becomes the reality of the building" ~ Frank Lloyd Wright
SHALOM...Z
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Post by Deleted on Aug 10, 2018 20:52:15 GMT
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Post by moksha on Aug 10, 2018 22:26:27 GMT
Thanks Crystal,
4 sharing, all what you did. Earthing is part of the Uni-verse, as we all are, us mortals, live and die. since I AM certain of sum type of after life, whether we are aware or not, we are all part of the UNI-VERSE even if the word, "alien" is not fully understood, this is why that word does not sit well with me, we all are part of each other, like it or not
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Post by WingsofCrystal on Aug 11, 2018 11:32:49 GMT
Good morning Cliff, Z, Moksha & all of our wonderful UFOCasebookers
Saturday Matinee!
Crystal
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Post by WingsofCrystal on Aug 11, 2018 11:36:52 GMT
~
Crystal
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Post by Deleted on Aug 11, 2018 22:42:02 GMT
Wow just one great post after another..the skype and ailing friend..was so moving..thank you..all for your brilliance and your humanity...
In a Town of 11 People, Mysterious Disappearance Turns Neighbor Against Neighbor Image[block] Eight months after he disappeared, a missing person sign remains outside the Larrimah, Australia, home of Paddy Moriarty.CreditAdam Ferguson for The New York Times
By Jacqueline Williams
Aug. 11, 2018
LARRIMAH, Australia — Dusk was falling on the sweltering hot day of Dec. 16, 2017, when Paddy Moriarty went to the Pink Panther, the only hotel and bar in this tiny, dusty town, to end the day with his usual round of drinks.
He downed eight beers, typical for Mr. Moriarty, a laborer who spent most of his life in Australia’s rugged outback. Then he left for home with his dog by his side.
He was never seen again. Neither was his dog, a kelpie named Kellie.
Four days later, when the police arrived in Larrimah, a Northern Territory town of just 11 people, they entered Mr. Moriarty’s unlocked house to find a cowboy hat on a cooler box and a barbecue chicken still in the microwave.
The authorities suspect foul play and have been treating the case as a homicide, with every single person in Larrimah — all 11 of them — being probed for clues. Image[block] Larrimah, in Australia’s Northern Territory, is home to just 11 people, nearly all of whom have been questioned by the police.CreditAdam Ferguson for The New York Times
Topping the list of potential suspects now — at least going by the questioning in a recent inquest involving the town’s residents — are a former Pink Panther bartender, who was one of the last people to see the missing man, and a gardener, with whom Mr. Moriarty had fought just days before his disappearance. Detectives have also questioned the owner of a roadside tea house, leading to morbid jokes about the filling in her meat pies.
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But with no clear evidence or even a motive for Mr. Moriarty’s disappearance, every one of Larrimah’s 11 residents is in one way or another part of the investigation — with each pointing a finger at a neighbor or two, while denying their own involvement in what has become the latest mystery to capture Australia’s imagination.
I went to Larrimah during a critical stage of the investigation to find out where the case might be heading, and what it’s like to live in a small town with murder on its mind. An Outback Mystery
Larrimah is about the size of a city block and surrounded by head-high, impenetrable thick scrub.
Red dirt tracks are everywhere, and the main road through town has long been notorious for murders and mysterious disappearances, including a British backpacker who vanished 17 years ago. It’s a pit stop for exhausted tourists driving north to south, but it is also a place where Aboriginal Australians, even today, refuse to live because they say it is haunted. EDITORS’ PICKS ‘Too Little Too Late’: Older Americans Are Facing Bankruptcy This Is the Way Paul Ryan’s Speakership Ends Opinion The Gift of Menopause Image Barry Sharpe, publican of the Pink Panther Hotel, feeding his captive sugar gliders. Mr. Moriarty was last seen at the hotel’s bar.CreditAdam Ferguson for The New York Times
There are only two gathering places for residents and visitors, the Pink Panther and Fran’s Devonshire Tea House. I started with the former, a musty pub and hotel where Mr. Moriarty, 70, was last seen.
“Paddy used to be here nearly every day, I miss him so much,” said one of Mr. Moriarty’s closest friends, Barry Sharpe, 76, the publican of the Pink Panther.
Behind him, out a nearby window, I could see a sugar glider, a small possum, clinging to a cage.
Mr. Sharpe told me his passion is nurturing the exotic animals he keeps behind the bright pink hotel, which he has owned for almost 15 years.
The mix includes rare and exotic birds, snakes and a hulking saltwater crocodile named Sam, to whom some suspect Mr. Moriarty was fed after being murdered. Image One rumor in town has it that Mr. Moriarty was eaten by Sam, a saltwater crocodile owned by Mr Sharpe.CreditAdam Ferguson for The New York Times
All Mr. Sharpe said he knew about the disappearance was that his friend did not show up for “church,” a Sunday morning ritual in which residents gather in the Pink Panther’s front room to watch “Landline,” the nation’s premier rural affairs program. It was then that locals sounded the alarm.
A three-day search by foot, on four-wheel-drives and from the air ruled out death by misadventure. To date, the police have found no trace of Mr. Moriarty or his dog.
One of the last people to see Mr. Moriarty was Richard Simpson, the one-time bartender at the Pink Panther, who has a reputation for volatility.
“He was every day drunk before lunch,” Mr. Sharpe said of Mr. Simpson, his former employee. “Not only smashed, but not very pleasant.”
Mr. Simpson scoffed at similar accusations when asked about them during the coroner’s inquest, a public hearing in which witnesses are questioned in open court. Upon being told that some people in Larrimah thought he had something to do with the disappearance, Mr. Simpson declared them all “goddamn fools.”
Mr. Simpson instead suggested that the police should be looking elsewhere — down the main road at the Tea House.
The next day, that’s where I went.
“I’ve got no pies left,” a short woman with spiked blonde hair shrieked from the kitchen. A row of RVs lined up outside as patrons spilled out to buy tea and pies, despite online reviews warning of “rubbish food” and questionable prices.
The cook, Fran Hodgetts, 75, has long prided herself on her scones and meat pies. She often tells visitors they are famous around the world. Image The teahouse owned by Fran Hodgetts. Ms. Hodgetts and Mr. Moriarty were neighbors who often quarreled.CreditAdam Ferguson for The New York Times
Now, though, they are renowned for all the wrong reasons.
“I reckon he’s in the pie,” joked Robyn Duignan, a visitor from Victoria who had been following Mr. Moriarty’s case in the news media and stopped by to see if there had been any developments.
“He went through the mincer,” Ms. Duignan added from the Tea House’s garden, a yard scattered with old toys and signs trumpeting Ms. Hodgetts’s culinary expertise. (I tried the scones but not the meat pies: The New York Times cannot confirm their contents.)
Mr. Moriarty and Ms. Hodgetts were neighbors who often clashed, the police said. He lived directly across the main road from the Tea House, and several people in town said it had annoyed him when her customers parked on his property.
As payback, residents said, Mr. Moriarty routinely told them not to eat her food because nothing was homemade or fresh, adding that even his dog would not eat her pies. Image Bobby Roth and her husband Carl. Ms. Roth said she heard a resident threaten Mr. Moriarty.CreditAdam Ferguson for The New York Times
If Mr. Moriarty had enemies, he also had allies: Years ago, when Mr. Sharpe, the publican from the Pink Panther, decided his crocodile Sam was not enough of an attraction, he started selling his own meat pies. Mr. Moriarty advertised those pies in front of his house with a massive sign that read: “Larrimah Hotel Best Pies in Town.”
Ms. Hodgetts told investigators that Mr. Moriarty regularly taunted her. He often called her “the bush pig,” a name that caught on with some of her neighbors. Last year, it got serious enough for her to seek an order of protection, but a local court rejected her request.
She said she last saw Mr. Moriarty four days before he went missing, when she accused him of putting a dead kangaroo near her house.
That history of acrimony led some locals to tell the police she wanted him dead — an allegation she denies. Image Owen Laurie had an argument with Mr. Moriarty in the days before his disappearance.CreditAdam Ferguson for The New York Times
“Imagine me carrying a dog and a body, I mean come on,” Ms. Hodgetts said at the inquest in June. “I’ve had me septic done, me incinerators searched, me house done four times,” she added, referring to a police search of her property. “Nobody found anything.” The Scene in Court
The testimony from Ms. Hodgetts, sitting on the stand in a tiny courtroom in the nearby town of Katherine, was part of an investigation by the Northern Territory coroner, a special magistrate assigned to determine the cause and manner of Mr. Moriarty’s death.
Local authorities said they are so reliant on the residents to solve the case that they held the inquest much earlier than they normally do in part because most of the residents are in their 70s and might not have years to wait.
The hearing, which I attended, included testimony from most of Larrimah’s residents. They all provided nervous answers to probing questions in a stuffy room filled with several dozen observers, including a few nosy tourists. Image Clothing still hangs from a line in Mr. Moriarty’s yard, months after he was last seen.CreditAdam Ferguson for The New York Times
Early on, the focus fell on Ms. Hodgetts. Bobby Roth, a Larrimah local of 19 years, who used to wash dishes at the Tea House, said the cafe owner didn’t like Mr. Moriarty.
“She used to say, ‘I’ll kill Paddy,’” Ms. Roth said at one point, breaking into tears.
But during her own testimony, Ms. Hodgetts ended up shifting attention to her gardener, Owen Laurie, 71, a tall, burly man who was known for keeping to himself, and for taking good care of the Tea House plants.
The questioning centered on an argument that he and Mr. Moriarty had about Kellie, Mr. Moriarty’s dog, three days before they disappeared.
That day, Kellie had been barking at the Tea House from a spot in the middle of the road. An argument between Mr. Moriarty and Mr. Laurie ensued, according to testimony, with Mr. Laurie shouting at Mr. Moriarty to shut the dog up “or I’ll shut it up for you.”
Ms. Hodgetts went a step further, telling the court that Mr. Laurie attempted to “jump the fence.”
“I told him ‘don’t do anything stupid,’” Ms. Hodgetts said.
Mr. Laurie admitted to having a bad temper, but he denied any involvement, turning the court’s attention back to where Mr. Moriarty was last seen: The Pink Panther.
Mr. Simpson no longer works at the pub. Mr. Sharpe said he was fired a week before the coroner’s inquest — a few days before I arrived to find his room there a mess of dirty clothes and empty beer cans.
He appeared to have moved on and has since been replaced by someone else, keeping Larrimah’s population steady at 11. It used to be 12.
Around the bar, patrons still talk about Mr. Moriarty’s disappearance.
“Church” on Sundays has resumed, but without the charm Mr. Moriarty used to bring to it. Because he had no family in Australia, the public trustee now controls his property. To keep an eye on anything that might look suspicious, his home has been fitted with security cameras, and it’s flanked by a large missing person sign.
It includes a picture of Mr. Moriarty, smiling, with a question many in town are still asking: “What happened to Paddy?”
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Post by WingsofCrystal on Aug 12, 2018 10:13:55 GMT
Good morning lovely UFOCasebookers,
Atlas Obscura
The World’s Newest, Most Gloriously Designed Maps
Cartographers, rejoice.
by Anika Burgess August 10, 2018
Calling all map enthusiasts: the North American Cartographic Information Society will soon be releasing the 2018 Atlas of Design, its latest compendium of the world’s newest and best maps. Every two years since 2012, NACIS, a nonprofit organization that supports and promotes cartography, has released a new volume of maps, carefully selected from hundreds of entrants by a panel of judges. This year reveals a bumper crop of map-makers: NACIS received over 300 submissions for just 32 spots.
The entrants were judged by a panel of 12 and Lauren Tierney, who co-edited the Atlas of Design along with Alethea Steingisser and Caroline Rose, acknowledges a healthy divergence of views. “We don’t believe there’s any way to really be objective about something like this,” she says. “The judges were often in disagreement; almost every map was scored well by at least one judge and poorly by another. This disagreement was exactly our goal in bringing the panel together, because our aim was to ensure that the final selection was not dominated by one style or taste, but held something for everyone.”
Eastern Pacific Ring of Fire, by John Nelson, showing the boundaries of the Earth’s tectonic plates.
more after the jump:
www.atlasobscura.com/articles/best-new-maps-2018
Crystal
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Post by WingsofCrystal on Aug 13, 2018 11:16:25 GMT
Good morning good morning!
NTD.tv
Astronaut Leland Melvin Says He Saw ‘Organic, Alien-Like’ Creature
By Jack Phillips August 12, 2018
Former NASA astronaut Leland Melvin may have opened up a can of worms when he wrote on Twitter that he saw something “curved, organic looking” floating near the shuttle Atlantis while in space.
“I have not seen one in space or on the ground but thought I saw something organic/alien like floating out of the payload bay,” he wrote on Twitter. “@astrokomrade and I called the ground to ask what it could be and it was ice that had broken off of the Freon hoses.Translucent, curved, organic looking.” He added an alien emoji at the end.
He was asked by the Twitter account UFO Sightings Daily about his thoughts on extraterrestrial life and if he’d seen a UFO or alien.
more after the jump:
www.ntd.tv/2018/08/12/astronaut-leland-melvin-says-he-saw-organic-alien-like-creature/
Crystal
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Post by WingsofCrystal on Aug 13, 2018 13:44:54 GMT
Eureka Alert!
Public Release: 13-Aug-2018
Easter Island's society might not have collapsed
Analysis of tools used to make giant statues could hint at a collaborative society
You probably know Easter Island as "the place with the giant stone heads." This remote island 2,300 miles off the coast of Chile has long been seen as mysterious--a place where Polynesian seafarers set up camp, built giant statues, and then destroyed their own society through in-fighting and over-exploitation of natural resources. However, a new article in the Journal of Pacific Archaeology hints at a more complex story--by analyzing the chemical makeup of the tools used to create the big stone sculptures, archaeologists found evidence of a sophisticated society where the people shared information and collaborated.
"For a long time, people wondered about the culture behind these very important statues," says Field Museum scientist Laure Dussubieux, one of the study's authors. "This study shows how people were interacting, it's helping to revise the theory."
"The idea of competition and collapse on Easter Island might be overstated," says lead author Dale Simpson, Jr., an archaeologist from the University of Queensland. "To me, the stone carving industry is solid evidence that there was cooperation among families and craft groups."
The first people arrived on Easter Island (or, in the local language, Rapa Nui) about 900 years ago. "The founding population, according to oral tradition, was two canoes led by the island's first chief, Hotu Matu?a," says Simpson, who is currently on the faculty of the College of DuPage. Over the years, the population rose to the thousands, forming the complex society that carved the statues Easter Island is known for today. These statues, or moai, often referred to as "Easter Island heads," are actually full-body figures that became partially buried over time. The moai, which represent important Rapa Nui ancestors, number nearly a thousand, and the largest one is over seventy feet tall.
According to Simpson, the size and number of the moai hint at a complex society. "Ancient Rapa Nui had chiefs, priests, and guilds of workers who fished, farmed, and made the moai. There was a certain level of sociopolitical organization that was needed to carve almost a thousand statues," says Simpson.
Recent excavations of four statues in the inner region of Rano Raraku, the statue quarry, were conducted by Jo Anne Van Tilburg of Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, UCLA and director of the Easter Island Statue Project, along with her Rapa Nui excavation team. To better understand the society that fabricated two of the statues, Simpson, Dussubieux, and Van Tilburg took a detailed look at twenty one of about 1,600 stone tools made of volcanic stone called basalt that had been recovered in Van Tilburg's excavations. About half of the tools, called toki, recovered were fragments that suggested how they were used.
For Van Tilburg, the goal of the project was to gain a better understanding of how tool makers and statue carvers may have interacted, thus gaining insight into how the statue production industry functioned. "We wanted to figure out where the raw materials used to manufacture the artifacts came from," explained Dussubieux. "We wanted to know if people were taking material from close to where they lived."
There are at least three different sources on Easter Island that the Rapa Nui used for material to make their stone tools. The basalt quarries cover twelve thousand square meters, an area the size of two football fields. And those different quarries, the tools that came from them, and the movement between geological locations and archaeological sites shed light on prehistoric Rapa Nui society.
"Basalt is a grayish rock that doesn't look like anything special, but when you look at the chemical composition of the basalt samples from different sources, you can see very subtle differences in concentrations of different elements," explains Dussubieux. "Rock from each source is different because of the geology of each site."
Dussubieux led the chemical analysis of the stone tools. The archaeologists used a laser to cut off tiny pieces of stone from the toki and then used an instrument called a mass spectrometer to analyze the amounts of different chemical elements present in the samples. The results pointed to a society that Simpson believes involved a fair amount of collaboration.
"The majority of the toki came from one quarry complex--once the people found the quarry they liked, they stayed with it," says Simpson. "For everyone to be using one type of stone, I believe they had to collaborate. That's why they were so successful--they were working together."
To Simpson, this level of large-scale cooperation contradicts the popular narrative that Easter Island's inhabitants ran out of resources and warred themselves into extinction. "There's so much mystery around Easter Island, because it's so isolated, but on the island, people were, and still are, interacting in huge amounts," says Simpson. While the society was later decimated by colonists and slavery, Rapa Nui culture has persisted. "There are thousands of Rapa Nui people alive today--the society isn't gone," Simpson explains.
Van Tilburg urges caution in interpreting the study's results. "The near exclusive use of one quarry to produce these seventeen tools supports a view of craft specialization based on information exchange, but we can't know at this stage if the interaction was collaborative. It may also have been coercive in some way. Human behavior is complex. This study encourages further mapping and stone sourcing, and our excavations continue to shed new light on moai carving." In addition to potentially paving the way for a more nuanced view of the Rapa Nui people, Dussubieux notes that the study is important because of its wider-reaching insights into how societies work. "What happens in this world is a cycle, what happened in the past will happen again," says Dussubieux. "Most people don't live on a small island, but what we learn about people's interactions in the past is very important for us now because what shapes our world is how we interact."
www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-08/fm-eis080818.php
Crystal
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Post by swamprat on Aug 13, 2018 19:42:30 GMT
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Post by WingsofCrystal on Aug 13, 2018 23:13:38 GMT
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Post by WingsofCrystal on Aug 14, 2018 11:20:17 GMT
Thanks Swamprat
Crystal
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